Essay on Wwii Impact on Women - 982 Words

Research Paper WWII Impact on Women The Impact WW2 had on Women During WW2 the presence of men at home was to a bare minimum. The impact this had on women was felt throughout the nation. How women would be looked at would be changed forever. They had to uphold various positions that were usually held by men and reevaluate their roles as homemakers. Their lives at home had changed; they were no longer the primary care giver. They also joined different parts of the military. Due to men being away at war during WW2 women were forced to participate in the workforce, which would change their view of their position in society. With life hard on women already holding the home together while their husbands were in the war, they were†¦show more content†¦In 1942 the Women’s Army Corps was introduced. These women worked in more than 200 non- combatant jobs stateside and also every part of the war. They served not only as common nurses but also â€Å"within the ranks of the United States Army.† There was also the Women’s Army Corps introduced in 1942. This group of 1,100 women was asked to join and fly military aircraft, due to the shortage of pilots. Their job was to fly from factories to military bases and also different take off points around the country. Even though during their enlistment the WASP were supposed to become part of the military, after a couple years the program was cancelled. The last group the, Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service, was already established. After being absent for twenty-three years, they had to be reactivated because of WW2. While a lar ge portion of these women did the job of secretarial and clerical they had other jobs they did. Thousands of WAVES performed duties in aviation, medical professions, communication, intelligence, science and technology. These military jobs and the other non-traditional jobs the women participated in made them almost like a ghost in their home front. All of these women that were manipulated and pressured into doing these jobs put a big hardship on their presence at home. Even though women are considered the mangers of the home they alsoShow MoreRelatedThe War On The Home Front1112 Words   |  5 Pagesamount of time, America went a serious of events which had great influence on the home front. Those two events were WWII and the Cold War. Civil rights, the cultural norms, and society at large, had changed greatly during a short amount of time due to these events. The United States was fight a war on two fronts, both at home and overseas. The wars overseas had great influence and impact on the successes that would come over time on the home front. Without these wars and times of trials and tribulationsRead MoreHistory Course Outline787 Words   |  4 PagesInquiry questions †¢ How did the Australian government respond to the threat of communism after WWII? †¢ Why did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War? †¢ How did various groups respond to AustraliaÂ’s involvement in the Vietnam War? †¢ What was the impact of the war on Australia and/or neighbouring countries? Learn About; 1) AustraliaÂ’s response to the threat of communism in Asia after WWII including: Ââ€" Korean War Ââ€" ANZUS Treaty Ââ€" SEATO Alliance 2) The response to the threat ofRead MoreEssay on The Role of Women in World War II615 Words   |  3 Pagesa cameraman is essential to the making of a movie the roles women played in the war was essential to our allied victory. In the war women provided food, clothing, funds, medical work, safety, knowledge and a safe and secure country to return to at the end of the war effort. All the help provided by women gave helped prove gender equality can work in society and helped lead to womens rights in our county. One of the biggest roles of women in the second world war was working war factories. these wereRead MoreGender Equality And Equal Opportunity1664 Words   |  7 PagesWomen during WWII were confused about their roles in the war. There were two common attitudes women in the 1940’s had towards the war. On one hand women felt inspired to rise to the challenge and fill the void left by men. On the other hand, some women felt, â€Å"cheated,† and unable to carry on due to the absence of men. Even though most women agree that gender equality and equal opportunity is positive, women who lived through WWII would most likely argue that it is not always worth the sacrifice.Read MoreEssay about G.I. Jane: Women in the Marine Corp1673 Words   |  7 Pagesand patriotism during WWII. Meanwhile, women were encouraged to be nurses, mothers, and some were paraded around as tokens of â€Å"equality† like Rosie the Riveter and â€Å"Marinettes.† Now, the second World War has been pointed to as a turning point in womens rights. However, few Americans recognized the achievements of women and most even discouraged them. Because the many contributions of women during WWII went unnoticed, even today, Americans need to learn the sacrifices many women made while still beingRead MorePost World War II: Effects and Changes in America1524 Words   |  6 Pageschanges to the world and specifically America. It not only changed the world map but also set impact on the behaviours. WWII played a major role in building turning points during different periods. Before WWII, African Americans were not offered equal rights in the community. It was considered an impossible thing that African could ever do a white collar or even a blue collar job. However, soon after the WWII, there came a turning point in the lives of African American with the Civil Rights Act in 1964Read MoreWorld War Ii Brought Monumental Movements, Struggles, And998 Words   |  4 Pagesconstructive effects of the war, such as vast numbers of women joining the workforce, overshadowed pitiful mistakes like Japanese internment camps. For every negative result of the war effort, for example increased rations on everyday necessities, there was an optimistic outlook on life, often provided by radios. The United States transformed in many ways, but emerged stronger than ever at the war’s end. Within a few years, the role of women morphed from a simple housewife to a hardworking war industryRead MoreThe World War II Propaganda811 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War II Propaganda During World War II propaganda posters where used to influence many peoples value, beliefs and behavior. The use of propaganda had a huge impact on the allied and axis power during this time. Both enemy’s used posters to get support from there government and families back home. Creating these posters encouraged people to save their materials so that most of the weapons could be used during the war. Propaganda it was a smart way to get people to degrade the enemy. FurthermoreRead MoreA Time For Change . William G. Pollard, A Physicists, Had1509 Words   |  7 Pagesgender change provided by the outbreak of WWII. The 1940’s were a difficult time in our nation’s history. The country was still firmly embedded in the economic grips of the Great Depression. â€Å"Some 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed† during the late 1930’s (History). Due to the large percentage of unemployment, women were discouraged from working. Working women would take jobs away from men. Unfortunately, due to the economic conditions, many women had to work in miserable conditions orRead MoreHeroic Traits Of Jacqueline Cochran795 Words   |  4 PagesGods and Goddesses, hero’s today are known to show strength, wisdom, bravery, and many other heroic characters. Jacqueline Cochran showed her heroic attributes when she came into WWII looking for a way for women to make a difference and fight in the war. Jaqueline founded WASP, Women Airforce Service Pilots, she made an impact in so many women’s lives by making them more included in the war instead of staying at home waiti ng for updates. Jacqueline shows the heroic traits that goddesses such as Athena

The International Financial Crisis in 1929 Essay - 830 Words

The International Financial Crisis in 1929 Throughout the 1920s in Britain there were economic problems. Unemployment was increasing; therefore there was low domestic demand and large amounts of poverty. Markets were also being lost abroad, leading to a decrease in trade. However in 1929-31 these problems reached crisis point, when in 1929 The Wall Street Crash called for an end of American Loans to Britain, and the re-call of all Britains debt. This had impact worldwide, as prices for goods slumped due to lack of demand and business confidence disappeared. In Britain it became clear that the Laissez-faire policy was not going to work, but there was a divide in thoughts over which policy to adopt†¦show more content†¦He was, however convinced by King George V to remain as Prime Minister but as leader of a national coalition government. In order to prove that Labour was a national, responsible party, Macdonald was prepared to do this, as was Philip Snowden, Chancellor of the Exchequor. Snowden believed that the budget should remain balanced and Britain should remain on the gold standard. He therefore supported the May Committees proposal despite Labours working class stance. However Arthur Henderson the foreign secretary did not agree. Henderson was heavily influenced by the Trade Unions, and felt strongly that Labour should represent the working class, therefore he felt that if the budget had to be balanced by cutting unemployment pay and raising taxes it was better for Labour to leave office and leave such policies to the Conservatives or Liberals. This difference in opinion within the party led to its break up and the formation of a national government due largely to the proposals if the May Committee. (c) Ramsey MacDonald had no alternative but to form a National Government in 1931. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your answer. (15) After the First World War, Britain was thrust into a depression. Unemployment rocketed and wages fell dramatically. The mostShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Great Depression, Annotated Bibliography879 Words   |  4 PagesStephen G. Understanding the Great Depression: Lessons for Current Policy . Monetary Economics (1997): 1-26. This article is about the circumstances that led to the collapse of the economy in 1929. It relates to my research proposal because I am evaluating historic events that led to the financial crisis of 1929. The article discusses how deflation played an important role in expanding the depression, and how the Gold Standard, a monetary system in which a country’s government allows its currency unitRead MoreThe Great Depression and Unemployment: Discussion Questions1271 Words   |  5 Pagesand social life. The most affected regions due to this economic slump were North America, Europe, and other industrialized Western countries. 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But this hope did not last long as the violent crisis suddenly questionedRead MoreThe Great Depression Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The world had faced two main economic problems. The first one was the Great Depression in the early of 20th Century. The second was the recent international financial crisis in 2008. The United States and Europe suffered severely for a long time from the great depression. The great depression was a great step and changed completely the economic policy making and the economic thoughts. It was not only an economic situation bit it was also miserable making, made people more attentionRead MoreEvaluating The Merits And Demerits Of Fixed And Floating Exchange Rate Regimes1062 Words   |  5 Pagessuited for one system. But there are a number of factors that influence this, and there is therefore no universal correct system for all international economies. I will discuss the merits and demerits of a floating exchange rate, providing the examples of the US Government response to the 2008 financial crisis and the excessive speculation that led to the 1929 stock market crash. These examples will illustrate a time when the US economy benefitted due to a floating exchange rate and a time whenRead MoreThe Great Depression Was A Dark Period859 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as the stock market crash of 1929, the maldistribution of purchasing power (overproduction), and also America’s position in international trade. These all greatly impacted America’s future and resulted in the great depression being inevitable. Both domestic and international factors led to the Great Depression, and one of the domestic factors involves the 1929 crash in the stock market. 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Relationship Between Motivation And Performance Management Essay Example For Students

Relationship Between Motivation And Performance Management Essay Outline1 1. Introduction2 2. Research aims3 2.3 Research Hypothesis4 2.4 Research inquiries5 3. Literature Reappraisal6 3.1 Introduction to motive7 3.2 Motivation Defined8 3.3 Motivation Theories9 3.4 The Role of Motivation10 3.5 Performance Management11 3.5.1 Performance direction defined12 3.5.2 Theoretical model13 3.6 Employees motive in UK Health public service14 4. Research Methodology15 4.1 Methodological Approach16 1. Qualitative attack17 4.2 Population and sample18 4.3 Research Tools19 4.4 Data Collection20 5. Contemplations21 5.1 Appraisal of resources22 5.2 Ethical deductions 1. Introduction The National Health Service ( NHS ) in United Kingdom is a singular establishment of a public service. It represents an experiment in societal technology, an effort to supply free health care to the population of the UK across a comprehensive scope of service. ( Greener I, 2008 ) Because of being public service, there are a batch of jobs arise from the clients ( patients ) towards services which the clients got from NHS. Effective work force is a important factor as it is organisation primary participants which drive the organisation achieve the ends and bringing services. Human resources, hence, plays the cardinal function in the wellness sectors in bettering the work force public presentation and handiness to services and quality of attention. Motivation is a cardinal obstruction to wellness sector development in term of staff public presentation. It is a challenge for Human Resource. In order to accomplish wellness services marks, a Motivated and capable work force is a key which help the wellness sectors increase the productiveness and quality of wellness services. Motivation is defined as an person s grade of willingness to exercise and keep an attempt towards organisational ends ( Franco LM. et al. , 2002, 1255-56 ) In footings of theory, there are many different theories in motive. ( Franco LM. et al. , 2002, 1255-56 ) By and large, people ever get confused between two countries of motive which are motive to be in a occupation and motive to execute, but both countries are really of import for directors. They need to understand that all activities in the workplace can be impacted by both countries of motive. Herzberg s two-factor theory of motive at the workplace is the theory which is used for this issue. It describes the distinction between these two countries of motive. In order to understand these differenced, the theory distinguishes satisfiers which are the chief causes towards whether high or low public presentation in the workplace. From dissat isfies, if these are absented or perceived as inadequate, these will be the chief causes for occupation dissatisfaction and de-motivate the workers to stay in a occupation. Empowerment, acknowledgment, honoring, duty and the work itself are illustrations of actuating factors. Dissatisfies are all about working conditions, salary, relationship with co-workers, administrative supervising, etc. . Therefore, organisation demand to concentrate on public presentation management- utilizing a vary of human resources direction ( HRM ) tools such as: public presentation assessments, honoring, uninterrupted instruction, and calling development etcaˆÂ ¦ [ Martinez J. 2001 ) because public presentation direction is an attack which can act upon satisfies. However, in the public wellness sectors, public presentation direction such as resource-poor scenes is frequently developing because these sectors normally concentrating merely on supervising or other certain facet of public presentation d irection. ( Martinez J, Martineau T. 2001 ; Fort AL, Voltero L.2004 ; Trap B, et al. , 2001 ) 2. Research aims This aim of this research is to depict the of import factors which lead to motive and demotivation of the wellness service s nurses of Abingdon Mental Health Centre in Oxford and besides investigate factors taking to motive. Furthermore, it will show relationship between motives with the public presentation direction activities in footings of why the activities can actuate employees and what are those activities. Apparently, a study for this research to be conducted to wellness service s nurses of Abingdon Mental Health Centre in Oxford aimed to find their perceptual experience in footings of motive towards the public presentation direction activities. Furthermore, an interview will be besides conducted to cognize what are the motives and demotivations of the workers sing to public presentation direction activities. Finally this research comes up with relevant findings and provides understanding recommendations on public presentation direction activities in relation to the motive of the nurses in order to assist them to execute better. 2.3 Research Hypothesis Research hypothesis is a probationary account or posit by the research worker of what the research worker predicts for the results of an probe will be. ( McBurney D.H. and White T.L, 2009 ) It, fundamentally, states the research worker s outlook refering the relationship between independent and dependent variables in the survey. The research hypothesis of this survey is as follows. Hypothesis: There is important relationship between motive and public presentation direction. Hypothesis: The public presentation direction activities can extremely actuate or demotivate the nurses of Abingdon Mental Health Centre 2.4 Research inquiries By and large, the intent of this survey is to carry on the survey on the relationship between public presentation direction activities and the motive of wellness service s nurses. This survey tries to reply the undermentioned questions: 1. What extent the motivates and demotivates for wellness sector nurses? 2. How do the motivation factors relate to public presentation direction activities? 3. Literature Reappraisal 3.1 Introduction to motive In the yesteryear, when the human resource direction was non a large factor of an organisation, employee was considered as merely an input for the production of goods and services. However, when the clip has passed, the manner of believing about the employee was changed by researching, referred to the work of Elton Mayo from 1924 to 1932 which was the Hawthorne Studies ( Dickson, 1973 ) . These surveies found that there was non merely money which can actuate the employees and their attitudes are linked to their behaviour ( Dickson, 1973 ) . The Hawthorne Studies showed the attack of the human dealingss to direction, in which the motive and demands of employees are of import issues which become the primary focal point of direction squad ( Bedeian, 1993 ) . 3.2 Motivation Defined The construct of motive was defined by many modern-day writers. Motivation has been defined as a willingness to act in an appropriate mode in order to accomplish specific, unmet demands ( Buford, Bedeian, A ; Lindner, 1995 ) and what causes people to act as they do ( Denhardt et al. , 2008, p. 146 ) . 3.3 Motivation Theories Harmonizing to the Hawthorne Study consequences, understanding factors which motivated employees and how those employees were motivated was the interesting focal point of many research workers. ( Terprtra,1979 ) There are four major attacks that help us to understand the motive are Maslow s need-hierarchy theory, Herzberg s two- factor theory, Vroom s anticipation theory and Skinner s support theory.. The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty - Character Study Of Walter Mitty EssayThis research required an organized information assemblage in order to explicate the research theories or doctrines that will be include in the research. Therefore, the exploratory qualitative will be conducted among directors and nurses. There will be conducted an in-depth interviews with the nurses and their directors. Interview will be recorded, taped and instantly canned and these will be extremely considered with the confidentiality issue. The privateness, confidentiality of respondents will be protected throughout the procedures 4.2 Population and sample The research scene in this survey is Oxford, United Kingdom. In Oxford there is a broad assortment of wellness service. Abingdon Mental Health Centre is one of the wellness services which specialize in mental wellness and it is found in National Health Service system As this qualitative research is taking to verify the work force motive and demotivation, and it is besides taking to verify the relationship between the motive factors and public presentation direction activities, a sample of 30 respondents in sum has been indiscriminately selected. The respondents are divided into two mark groups which are 25 nurses and five directors. 4.3 Research Tools As the research worker will utilize qualitative informations, therefore inquiries will be provides for both group of respondents. Both groups will be asked two set of inquiries which one of them will be the same and one will be different sing to their positional position. In-depth interviews will be used as the method of informations aggregation for this survey. For this research undertaking the interviews will be conducted at respondents abode and at the respondents workplace which is Abingdon Mental Health Centre In every individual interview, there might be a prejudice or false information of self-report informations. Welman and Kruger ( 2001 ) recommend that the research worker should dress in more or less the same manner as respondents and interviewers should be careful non to state any inquiries which may be construed as a coveted response but should utilize unfastened ended inquiries alternatively. Therefore, the research worker will be bear in head about these recommendatio ns. 4.4 Data Collection In this survey all primary informations and secondary informations will be used. Primary beginning of informations will be collected through the in-depth interview, with audiotape entering if permission is granted. Furthermore, field-note will be taken besides. Since, some informations might be sensitive, the privateness, confidentiality of respondents will be protected throughout the procedures of qualitative informations aggregation. The location for the in-depth interview will be at the workplace of the respondents which is Abingdon Mental Health Centre or the respondents abode if it is needed. Secondary beginning of informations will come from published articles from wellness service diaries, authorities publications and besides related surveies on public presentation direction. These secondary informations will be utile secondary informations because it might assist researcher analyze and construe more easy. 5. Contemplations 5.1 Appraisal of resources This survey will be concentrated on Human Resource Management ( HRM ) . Motivation is an facet which is of import for the public presentation of work force. This survey is taking to verify the work force motive and demotivation, and it is besides taking to verify the relationship between the motive factors and public presentation direction activities. Therefore, people are a cardinal facet for this survey. To be successful in this survey, there are many resources which are needed. This survey requires the information from questioning 30 respondents which are divided into two groups which are work force ( 25 ) and administrative staff ( five ) . The item or information which will be gathered from the in-depth interview will be assist the research worker happen out the reply for the research inquiries above. However, there will be some mistakes if those respondents answer the inquiries with their prejudices or give some false information. Apart from respondents, an of import individual for this survey is the research worker. Researcher is a MBA pupil who has done the Human Resource Management faculty. The Human resource direction is the topic which includes many issues which the research worker interested in. Therefore, it will be easier for research worker to complete this survey successfully. Additionally, there are other accomplishments which the research worker thinks that they might be helpful for this survey. Communication accomplishments are really of import accomplishment for this survey because in-depth interview need efficient communicating between interviewer and interviewees. Due to the restriction of English ability of the research worker, the research worker demand to be careful for fixing the inquiries for the interview in order to avoid some mistakes which might be occur because of misinterpretation. Apart from communicating accomplishments, be aftering accomplishment and prioritizing accomplishment are besides needed to be focused. Harmonizing to clip bound, this survey has to be finished in every individual procedure on clip. Therefore, research demand to give precedence to these accomplishments besides. 5.2 Ethical deductions Basically, qualities feature of the qualitative research has seen as an ability of an interviewer to listen attentively and empathically, whist ego awareness necessitate to be concerned excessively. ( Smythe and Murray, 2000 ) There is a criterion of ethical rule which needed to be give precedence to such as free and informed consent, privateness and confidentiality ( Berg,1995 ) Smythe and Murray ( 2000 ) emphasize that there may be ethically conflicted in the qualitative research because this research besides involves some grade of personal engagement between research worker and respondents. This survey demand to be cognizant of factors which might take to ethical issue. Due to some reveal information which might be the extremely personal informations, the research demand to maintain this information as confidentially in order to protect any injury to respondents. Harmonizing to the thought of process consent which is designed to protect the rights of respondents to retreat their informations at any clip during the research, hence, consent for respondents will be obtained through the research procedure, future utilizations of information for publication and informations sharing demand to be discussed. Harmonizing to willingness of respondents to take part the interview, the inquiries for the in-depth interview demand to be certain that the respondents will non experience that they are bothered with the perennial inquiries.

Cross Investigation Individual Differences â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cross Investigation Of Individual Differences? Answer: Introducation Corporate Governance are those rules or laws or procedures which is used by the corporate inside the office so that they are able to maintain a good culture within the organization which enables the organization to meet the criteria of high standards and thus the company sets various goals so that the criteria can be achieved. It fulfils the aim of the organization to build and to maintain a good relationship so that it creates a bond which helps to maintain the stakeholder relationship and make it stronger. The member of the organization includes the directors and officials such as the chartered secretary which helps to improve the standards of the organization. If the corporate governance is strictly followed or adhered then it ensures growth of the organization and also enables the organization to be sustainable and helps to maintain the standard and is an integral nature of the organization. How does Corporate Governance play a important role in the organization The directors of the company- they play a vital role in regard to any organization and they play a role which is very important for the organization. They ensure the growth for the organization and they also see that the organization makes development so that the companys rises in the upward direction. The directors of an organization are the decision makers of the organization and help in the success of the organization (Baumann-Pauly, 2013). The shareholders of the company- The share holders are an integral part of the organization and they play a critical role in the success of the organization. They are the people who support the company in number of ways. The most important support that the shareholders provide is the support with the capital of the organization. The capital is the most important factor for any organization so it can be said that the share holders are the people who are very important for the organization from each and every way. Stakeholders of the company- The stake holders are the people who are directly or indirectly related with the organization. The stake holders can have direct relation as well as they may also have in-direct relation with the organization depending upon there function with the organization. Different kinds of stake holders such as the people who are working within the organization, there are suppliers who supplies different commodities for the organization. The stakeholders help in functioning of the organization in different ways and help the companies to grow. (Cappelli, Moore and Trzeciak ,2012). Comparison between the Resolution of 2016 Concerning Corporate Discipline and Governance Standards of Public Joint Stock Companies in UAE, and International codes of cooperate governance UK The Corporate Governance Code in UAE has set high standard, which provide for the plan which helps the company to comply with the requirement of the code. The listed company shall comply with the requirement of Corporate Governance Code and it sets out the actions to rectify any non-compliance. The main provisions of UAE Code are as follows: There shall be at least one third directors representing independent directors with a majority of non executive directors. There is either a Chairman or a Managing director. The meeting of the Board of director shall be held once in the two months An audit committee, nomination and remuneration committee is formed which is not less than three non executive directors one of whom shall be independent. Out of the members one member shall be the expert in financial affairs (Crane and Matten, 2016). There shall be compliance officer The listed company shall submit a report on corporate governance which includes the information and the details on the internal corporate governance system and it conveys any violations committed during the financial year .The details of remuneration of the seniors are also mentioned. The listed company which is listed on the UAE shall notify the SCA and the management regarding the development that affects the price. The board of directors shall be announcing the confidential information provided there is no trading done by the directors of the company as per insider trading norms. The listed company shall notify to SCA the shareholding pattern if it is more than 5 per cent of the companys securities (Council, 2012). The main provisions of UK Code are as follows: The UK Code for Corporate Governance has set out good practices relating to the board leadership and also the effectiveness or the remuneration of the shareholders. All the companies listed under the UK Act need to apply the code for listing regulation. The Code contains principles and provisions required in to be reported in the annual report and are applied in the code. The shareholders read it from the annual report which increases their trust on the company. The provisions are as follows: To comply or explain concept in the Corporate Governance for UK was in the Code since the code came to force it was strongly supported by the companies and the shareholders of the companies operating in UK. The Main Principles of UK Code 1: Leadership Every listed company shall have a strong and effective Board who is responsible for the long term growth .The responsibilities are divided between the boards and executive who is running the company. The Chairman of the company is the head of the leadership team. The board helps the non executive to form the business plan and strategy. 2: Effectiveness The board shall have the knowledge and expertise to discharge the duties effectively. The directors should be properly trained so that they can enhance their skills. The board shall keep with themselves the information required to discharge their duties in a timely manner .The directors are elected in UK on a regular interval subject to continued satisfactory performance. 3: Accountability The board shall prepare a fair, transparent assessment of the companys position. The board will maintain a sound system for risk management and internal control system (Jain and Jamali, 2016).The board should establish fair and transparent arrangements to maintain appropriate relationship with the companys auditors. 4: Remuneration There should be a very transparent form for developing the remuneration of the individual directors. 5: Relations with shareholders The board should use a general meeting which is called once in every financial year so that the directors are able to convey and communicate with the shareholders and the investors. Comparison between the Resolution of 2016 Concerning Corporate Discipline and Governance Standards of Public Joint Stock Companies in UAE, and International codes of Corporate governance Japan The main provisions of Japan Code are as follows: The ASHA Code of ethics (2010) talks about the ethical and the confidentiality that is maintained which relates to the information of the clients and the people. The corporate governance helps in maintaining for better compliance and confidentiality to maintain the files (Epstein and Buhovac, 2014).The Chartered Accountant is appointed to comply with management of document and files. The following are the task in this regard: Separate files are maintained regarding employees and the shareholders All information shall be physically and electronically maintained in a statutory registrar within a stipulated time (Harris et al., 2013). All information shall be disposed of properly to the required person The company enters into a nondisclosure agreement with the employees so that there is maintenance of confidentiality of all the information Corporate governance adheres to the proper internal control procedures, accurate financial procedures, the financial standard, and reporting and control procedures A company secretary is appointed who will be responsible for recording the meetings in the minute and will be maintaining all the records and documents, which shall be kept and preserved throughout the business (Horn , 2012). The company secretary attends the meetings of the board, the annual meetings and maintains the records. He check whether the company has complied the procedural norms, regulations and thereby carries out all the responsibility of carrying out the secretarial duties as instructed by the directors of the company (Jaatun et al., 2016). The responsibilities of the directors of the public listed companies are as follows: In an organization the company secretary as well as the directors is being assigned the responsibility which is proper in nature and such that the functions of the company are well maintained. The functions of the organization are as follows: There are obligations which are needed to be carried out by the director that they are able to keep the record as well as the financials for the solvency resolution. The listed Companies which are required to compulsorily lodge and file with the company the annual statement as well as the reports with ASIC and they should be able to keep the . There are some obligations as well as some liabilities which are being imposed upon the management such that they maintain and abide by those obligations. The board of the directors of a company which is listed in nature has number of rules and regulation which is strict in nature and these rules are to be followed very stringently. These rules are as follows: The company is provided with the decision that is being made by the board and they also provide strategy for the leadership which is for the organization to be followed. The board plays a very important role; the board helps in the recruitment of the managing directors for the organization. The directors of a listed organization acts in appointment of the CEO for the organization they also recruit personnel in managerial position for the organization. (Armstrong et al, 2015) The director helps in reappointment as well as the replacement of the senior personnel and it is done by passing various resolution in the meeting The directors or the company secretary oversee the company strategic objectives and also manage the operations The directors check whether the company complies with all the laws and regulation and that the entity is able to comply with the accounting and the reporting system and it also sees that the company had followed the regulation of the Act. They will see and check that the company sees that all the directors and senior directors and executive will pursue for the upliftment and succession of the organization. The reporting method of an organization functions are being taken care of by the director of the organization. The directors of the organization are the persons who ensure that there is a good control over the company and upon its functions. They ensure that the functions of the organization are being abided by the law. (Davis and Chu,2015). The reports that are being carried out in a particular financial year are to be published in the news paper. Overriding function of the directors in creating shareholders value The board of directors of the organization helps in managing the organization in a way such that there is a link created between the owners of the organization and the employees of the organization such that there is a relation that is created amongst them which helps in good functioning of the organization. It helps the organization to function properly and to maintain good relation with the employees. (Yoshikawa, Zhu and Wang, 2014) The director or the board also follows the responsibility that the organization should maintain a culture which is appropriate in nature and which is good for the employees working within the organization such that there is close bonding and relation between them which helps in functioning of the organization. This type of culture is to be maintained throughout and the board of directors ensure that this culture is being maintained with fullest priority. (Larcker and Tayan, 2015). Goal of maximizing shareholder value is the primary goal for the company The share holders are an integral part of the organization and they play an important and critical role in case of the growth and success of the organization. They are the people who support the company in number of ways. The most important support that the shareholders provide is the support with the capital of the organization. (Lazonick, 2014). As it is fact that capital is the most important factor for any organization so it can be said that the share holders are the people who are very important for the organization from each and every way. The society and the surrounding are to be taken care of by the organization and this is one of the moral performance of the organization. (McCahery, Sautner and Starks, 2016). Corporate Governance helps in (1) It looks after the share holders so that there is a healthy relationship within them. (2) It sees that the compensation and other remuneration are being given on time and the practice is being carried out according to the procedures. (3) It gives importance to the investors of the organization. It sees that the investment that is being made by the share holders are being utilized properly and such that maximum profit can be made from that investment so that it creates an positive impression for the share holders and thereby strengthen the bonding with them. The CEO of the organization functions in: Buying back the stock of the organization. (Omarova, 2016) It maintains the remuneration of the executive and rewards them for any kind of innovative work that is being shown from there side. In order to replacing the people who are the stake holders of the organization and helping the consumers of the company which is listed as a public limited company The board thinks for the share holder and they try to serve their interest. The board understands that the share holder of the organization wants their money to be utilized to the fullest so that they can get a good return on their money invested. The board takes care of the interest of the share holders which creates a strong bond with the share holder, which can serve for the betterment of the organization for a long period of time in the future. (Tricker and Tricker, 2015) Comparison between UAE code and UK code with the Germany code and with Japan Code UK CODE GERMANY CODE UAE CODE JAPAN CODE Code: Corporate Governance Code and Corporate Governance Report and Securities and Exchange Board Issuing Body: Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Legal Basis and Compliance: Mandatory with certain Exceptions as to certain recommendations Objectives: Make corporate governance framework More effective Scope: Listed companies with certain exceptions Predominant Board Structure (listed companies): Unitary Code: Corporate Governance Code Issuing Body: Federal Commission for the Securities Market Legal Basis and Compliance: Voluntary, but companies encouraged to comply or Explain Objectives: Set forth best standards of observing Shareholder rights and facilitating their implementation In practice, and make a companys management More efficient and ensure its long-term sustainable Growth Scope: Joint stock companies whose securities are Listed on organized markets Predominant Board Structure (listed companies): Two-tier: The law requires that a joint stock company with More than fifty shareholders have a supervisory body (Board of directors) in addition to an executive Body. Code: United Arab Emirates Ministry of Economy, Ministerial Resolution No. (518) of 2009 Concerning Governance Rules and Corporate Discipline Standards Issuing Body: Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) Legal Basis and Compliance: Mandatory Objective: Achieving corporate discipline in the management Of companies in accordance with international Standards and approaches through determination Of responsibilities and duties of members of Boards of directors and the executive management of The company, taking into consideration protection of Shareholders and stakeholders equity Scope: All joint stock companies whose securities are Listed on a Securities and Commodities Market that is Under the license of SCA to continue their operation in UAE (the example of such is the Securities exchange of Abu Dhabi) Code: Commercial Code Issuing Body: Tokyo Stock Exchange Legal Basis and Compliance: Voluntary but companies are encouraged to comply it Objective: The main objective was to improve the corporate governance and to perform more rigorous control and monitoring of firm management Scope: This new code permitted the Japanese to select the traditional kansayaku system or the new committees system. Rules: To provide transparency, the issuers must include The following information for the accounting time frame is being taken care of the annual report and the important dates and events that took place from that day up to the date of publication that is being carried out and it also affect the annual report. Boards of directors are responsible for the governance Of their companies. The responsibilities of the board include setting the companys strategic aims, providing the leadership to put them into effect, supervising the management of the business and reporting To shareholders on their stewardship. The boards actions are subject to laws, regulations and the shareholders In general meeting. The boards role is to provide entrepreneurial leadership of the company within a framework of prudent and effective controls which enables risk to be assessed And managed. T]he obligation of the Management Board and the Supervisory Board is to ensure the continued existence of the enterprise and its sustainable creation of value in Conformity with the principles of the social market economy. The General Meeting resolves on the Articles of Association, Supervisory Board The Supervisory Board appoints, supervises and advises the members of the Management Board and is directly involved in decisions of fundamental importance The representatives elected by the shareholders and the representative Management Board The Management is responsible for caring out all the duties to manage the organization. They are responsible to make strategy and based on that strategy the organization function such that the proper functions are being maintained and the board also carries out supervisory functions which helps the organization to function in a proper way. The board of directors shall develop procedural rules for corporate governance, supervise and control the application of the same, in line with the provisions of This Resolution and shall be liable for the application. Corporate governance is a set of rules, standards and procedures that aim at achieving corporate discipline in the management of the company in accordance with international standards and approaches through determination of responsibilities and duties of members of boards of directors and the executive management of the company, taking into consideration Protection of shareholders and stakeholders equity. Conclusion In todays world with the growth in the corporate culture it is very important to form a strategy and objective such that it helps the organization to function properly based on those objective or strategy. 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